American Civil War

The state of Arkansas was a part of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, and provided a source of troops, supplies, and military and political leaders for the fledgling country.

Arkansas had become the 25th state of the United States, on June 15, 1836, entering as a slave state. Antebellum Arkansas was still a wilderness in most areas, rural and sparsely populated. As a result, it did not have early military significance when states began seceding from the Union.

Arkansas refused to join the Confederate States of America until after Abraham Lincoln called for troops to respond to the provoked attack of Fort Sumter by Confederate forces in South Carolina. It finally seceded from the Union on May 6, 1861. Despite its relative lack of strategic importance, the state was the scene of numerous small-scale battles during the Civil War.

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Battle of Arkansas Post

Battle of Bayou Fourche

Battle of Cane Hill

Battle of Chalk Bluff

Battle of Devil's Backbone

Battle of Elkin's Ferry

Battle of Helena

Battle of Hill's Plantation

Battle of Jenkins' Ferry

Battle of Marks' Mills

Battle of Old River Lake

Battle of Pea Ridge

Battle of Pine Bluff

Battle of Poison Spring

Battle of Prairie D'Ane

Battle of Prairie Grove

Battle of Saint Charles

Battle of Whitney's Lane

From its establishment in 1824, Washington was an important stop on the rugged Southwest Trail for pioneers traveling to Texas. James Bowie, Sam Houston and Davy Crockett traveled through Washington. James Black, a local blacksmith, is credited with creating the legendary Bowie knife here. Later, the town became a major service center for area planters, merchants and professionals. Washington was the Confederate Capital of Arkansas from 1861-1865. Albert G. Simms (1882 - 1964), a United States Representative from New Mexico, was born here.

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Battles in Arkansas

Old Washington, Arkansas

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